1. Livelihood and Food Insecurity: The majority of Ethiopia’s land is vulnerable to climate extremes, which affect the availability of food. Local hotspots of food insecurity in the Tigray, Somali and Afar regions correlate with a higher occurrence of conflict, making them prone to climate security risks. Vulnerability to climate and conflict also differs along gender and age lines, while pastoralist livelihoods are particularly affected by the compounded pressure of climate effects and political marginalization. Natural disasters and biophysical changes have led to the displacement of people, adding to the large number of internally displaced people due to conflict, which are leading to further tensions with host communities in the areas of refuge.